Trigonometric and other basic functions
The following table lists the trigonometric functions.
| function | description | function | description |
SIN(x) |
Sine (radians) | SINH(x) |
Hyperbolic Sine |
SIND(x) |
Sine (degrees) | ||
COS(x) |
Cosine (radians) | COSH(x) |
Hyperbolic Cosine |
COSD(x) |
Cosine (degrees) | ||
TAN(x) |
Tangent (radians) | TANH(x) |
Hyperbolic Tangent |
TAND(x) |
Tangent (degrees) | ||
COT(x) |
Cotangent (radians) | COTH(x) |
Hyperbolic Cotangent |
SEC(x) |
Secant (radians) | SECH(x) |
Hyperbolic Secant |
CSC(x) |
Cosecant (radians) | CSCH(x) |
Hyperbolic Cosecant |
ASIN(x) |
Arc Sine (radians) | ASINH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Sine |
ASIND(x) |
Arc Sine (degrees) | ||
ACOS(x) |
Arc Cosine (radians) | ACOSH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Cosine |
ACOSD(x) |
Arc Cosine (degrees) | ||
ATAN(x) |
Arc Tangent (radians) | ATANH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Tangent |
ATAND(x) |
Arc Tangent (degrees) | ||
ATAN2(y,x) |
Arc Tangent of y / x (radians) | ||
ATAN2D(y,x) |
Arc Tangent of y / x (degrees) | ||
ACOT(x) |
Arc Cotangent (radians) | ACOTH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Cotangent |
ASEC(x) |
Arc Secant (radians) | ASECH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Secant |
ACSC(x) |
Arc Cosecant (radians) | ACSCH(x) |
Hyperbolic Arc Cosecant |
The next table lists other basic numeric functions that are intrinsic to the program.
| function | description |
ABS(x) |
absolute value |x| |
EXP(x) |
exponential ex |
FACTORIAL(x) |
factorial x! |
INT(x) |
integer portion of x |
NINT(x) |
nearest integer ( x + 0.5*SIGN(1,x) ) |
LOG(x) |
base e logarithm |
LN(x) |
base e logarithm |
LOG10(x) |
base 10 logarithm |
RAN(x) |
random number |
SQRT(x) |
square root |
ELTIME(x) |
elapsed time in seconds |
PDIFF(x,y) |
positive difference function |
MOD(x,y) |
modulus function |
SIGN(x,y) |
transfer of sign |
All of these functions expect numeric arguments, and operate on an element by element
basis. The trigonometric and other basic functions will always
have a resultant type which will be the same as the type of its argument,
that is, a scalar argument results in a scalar, a vector argument results
in a vector with the same length as the argument, a matrix (tensor) argument
results in a matrix (tensor) with the same size and shape as the argument.
Some of these element by element functions, such as
RAN, ATAN2,
or MIN do require some explanation, but the definitions of most are
assumed to be obvious to the reader.